Above the eye line is where we think. Here, we also find the range of probabilty, and unreal events considered in the subjunctive forms (Past, present and future). Below the line, we find the factual and progressive forms of verbs - present and past, as well as future concepts such as, obligation and determination as well as forecasts and schedules.
Timeline - How the Present Perfect Tense works Experiences The essence of the present perfect tense pulls the verbal expression down, inside us. This movement reflects our experience and even belief and true knowledge, which even in mediaeval times was placed in the heart. The sense we are aiming for is very similar in all of the following three examples: • I have visited the Louvre. • I believe in aliens. • I know it’s true. No Details The movement physically collapses our lungs. For this reason we do not go into detail, because in simple structures, we can not add extensive information. To add detail of past experiences, we typically use the simple and progressive past tense or use an adverb. • There has been a plane crash • A Transatlantic flight out of Paris crashed at 7.45 pm, twenty minutes after take off. Nobody was killed …etc. Recent Time In a similar movement - a slight variation on the theme - the expression is pulled back and released until the ...
With each movement and directional vector (or sense) of each modal, we can start to map out the areas of modal expression. The chart (illustrated above) shows how each aspect is directed;a skill we certainly need to emulate, if we are to give the correct language signals. As the chart shows , the high area is reserved for probability, the degree of which ranges from positive certainty through possibility to uncertainty at the back of the head. The forward area (ahead of the eye) carries the different notions of future modality, rising from the low downward driven decisive intention or acceptance (will) and determination (shall) through obligation(must), permission (may) and advice – or deferred obligation (should) to prediction (will) and desire (will, must, should). The past forms are set back or directed behind us, with past probability looped high in speculation but ending low - so as to combine with the auxiliary have and the past pa...
The blog is currently undergoing certain changes to better organise the ideas, features and resources In this space, apart from self learning pages, exercises and ready made video transcripts to link to news, songs and video comedy, you will further find a totally new vision of grammar - which I have called Directed Pronunciation, which, in this case, has been applied to English. The approach is radical and not everyones cup of tea. Indeed, one leading publishing house, Cambridge, said their material would not be confortable next to mine on the same book shelf - so draw your own conclusions. Therefore, be prepared to be shocked but remain open minded in order to change every concept on grammar that you may have ever read. Presented here, grammar is nothing more than a sense (in Portuguese "sentido" sense / direction) a movement, direction, flux or flow. Grammar is the delivery, it carries the voicing and intonation but more than anything else, grammar...
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